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Topic Name: The rotating black holes: Finally a test of string theory achieved?

Category: STAR (Space, Telecommunications & Radioscience)

Research persons: Andrew Strominger and his colleagues

Location: Havard, United States

Details

This is not a direct way to test string theory just proposed Andrew Strominger and his colleagues, but it could become ... Using tools from this theory, they managed to deduct the entropy of black holes Kerr rotation extreme, such as GRS 1915 +10, long observed. Hoping to describe what happens for a accretion disc just above the horizon of this black hole is even mentioned by researchers in an article they have published on arXiv. In 1996, Andrew Strominger and Vafa Curum published a bomb that would contribute strongly to what has since been called the second revolution of the strings. They actually showed how it was possible to derive exactly the famous Hawking-Bekenstein (HB) giving the entropy of a black hole, the only explanation of the statistical mechanics of the entropy of black holes. The result was highly non-trivial if it became difficult to believe in a happy coincidence and string theory suddenly became much more credible for much of the scientific community ... but not all! Indeed, skeptics noted that the calculations could be conducted only in the case of black holes very special based on the theory known as supersymmetry, which has yet to prove itself. The mathematical calculations might be accurate but the risk was that they are as relevant to the real world that considerations of theoretical biology on the metabolism of dragons and unicorns. However, a few years later, Thibault Damour and Gabrielle Veneziano managed to find the formula of HB in the case of black holes Schwarzschild, real them, and again in the framework of string theory. Curiously, this spectacular result does not meet all echoes that of Strominger and Vafa. Today, Andrew Strominger just attack the problem of rotating black holes, but not supersymmetric, such as carpet at the heart of galaxies or in binary systems. He and his colleagues Monica Guice, of the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy (LPTHE, universities Pierre et Marie Curie, and Denis Diderot), Thomas Hartman and Wei Song, managed to find the formula of HB in the case of black holes rotation because quatteignant said extreme speeds close to that of light. Technically, for a rotating black hole, Kerr said, mass M and angular momentum J, it was the relationship J = GM2. Near a black hole, there is something that could be linked to string theory ... It turns out that one consequence of the second revolution of string theory was the discovery of an extraordinary correspondence between equations of the theory of strings in 10 dimensions and the more conventional, a theory in 4 dimensions and space-time flat. According to a conjecture put forward by a brilliant theorist Argentine Juan Martin Maldacena, and none of the many theoretical tests had ruled out until today, every solution of string theory must exist a corresponding a particular class of theories used to describe interactions in the standard model of particle physics, the equations of Yang-Mills. It is actually a theory known as the esoteric theory of supersymmetric Yang-Mills N = 4 line. The general idea has arisen that there is a kind of dictionary between two languages, one of which describes what happens in a world of n dimensions and the other in a world m dimensions. It is easier to understand what happens in one of the world in translating the language of the other world in some situations we talk about duality. In this case, researchers used a variant of the Maldacena conjecture to describe the physics of a 4-dimensional object, such as extreme black holes, objects from living in two dimensions is called Field conform. Magically, again, it is possible to find the formula HB but there is more! According Strominger and colleagues, what happens in the accretion disc of extreme black holes almost as well known GRS 1915 +105, should be signed by the duality they have discovered in accordance with these fields in a world two dimensions. If the dictionary used by string theory is valid, and although this is not a direct test of this last or strictly speaking the Maldacena conjecture, we can expect some test tools and theoretical constructions of the theory ropes by observing such black holes. There are still far from cut lips but this is certainly exciting and encouraging. Hopefully collisions at LHC to be held next year will also help resolve the difficult question of the validity of string theory, discovering the particles of supersymmetry, for example.