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Topic Name: Genic Expression in Mycobacterium bovis
Category: Biodesign
Research persons: Dr Germa'n Rehren ,Dra. Ana Maria Zárraga (UACh) ,Dr Issar Smith
Location: Universidad Austral de Chile , Campus Island Tiles,Square 567, Valdivia, Chile
Details
Analysis of the differences at transcripcional level with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis and study of genes related to the intracellular survival”,
denominates the Doctoral Thesis that the academic one of the Institute of
Biochemistry of the Austral University of Chile
made during two years, Dr Germa'n Rehren, and whose information will be
published in the prestigious scientific magazine “Tuberculosis” of the
Publishing house Elsevier.
This investigation was carried out in the Institute of
Biochemistry of the UACh and in the TB Center, The Public Health Research
Institute in the USA, being the participate investigator the Dra. Ana Maria
Zárraga (UACh) and counting on the valuable collaboration of the Dr Issar Smith,
of the foreign institute.
In this study, it indicated the Dr Rehren, it was used a new
technology in Chile, but that is being used widely at world-wide level. One is
the denominated tool “microArray”, whose main advantage is that it allows to
obtain great amount of information with respect to a problem in individual of a
single time.
“When using this technology I could analyze the differences
that exist between two pathogens, the one that produces the tuberculosis in the
man, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in the cattle, Mycobacterium
bovis, both very similar to level of its genomes, with a 99.9% of identity,
but that nevertheless fenotípicamente behave different”.
Between the main differences that notice between these
pathogens, it added the educational one, are that Mycobacterium tuberculosis
mainly affects the human, however M. bovis also has a phantom of
greater infection, because not only it attacks the cattle, but to the man and an
ample rank of mammals. Another important difference is that bovis
manifest of much more virulent way in models infection animals.
The investigation, indicated the Dr Rehren, was born within
the framework in the Institute of Biochemistry of the Project FONDEF that leads
the Dra. Zárraga, the one that is related to the genotipificación of stocks of
Mycobacterium bovis and the validation of a methodology diagnoses,
generated previously in a first project. From the restlessness arises here to
investigate what it happened with the differences between bovis and
tuberculosis, being known the impact of this disease.
It is possible to emphasize that the bovine tuberculosis
generates great economic losses in relation to the animal commerce, because one
of the requirements that are demanded for the meat export, is that the estates
must be certificates like free of tuberculosis.
Also it is necessary to consider, indicated the academic one,
that at world-wide level esteem that between the 5 to 10% of the cases of
tuberculosis in humans takes place by Mycobacterium bovis, the one that
is sub diagnosed by the Services of Health, since the methods which they are
used to diagnose the disease, are not the adapted ones to detect it.
Results
Between the analyses that were made with “microArray”, it
indicated the academic one, count the study of the form in which this pathogen (Mycobacterium
bovis) adapts to the changes that produces to him to be within the
macrophages of the hospederos, that is to say, the way in which modifies its
genetic expression to adapt to the attacks of the immune system of the hospedero.
The main contribution of this work, indicated the Dr Rehren,
is that important differences in the pattern of genic expression of both
bacteria were identified, results that can be very useful to generate a new
method of diagnosis or to be used like biotechnological tools, in the generation
of new vaccines. Even - it added if it is continued investigating is possible to
be gotten to obtain genie targets for the development of new antibiotics.
“Most interesting of this work it is that it combines basic
science with biotechnological projections and in addition, opens the door for a
great amount of studies from the information that was in the laboratory, being
able to generate several theses of pre-degree and doctorate”, concluded the
academic UACh.
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