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- Biologics: Any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product used in the prevention, treatment or cure of diseases or injuries in humans. Another definition: Vaccines, therapeutic...>more
- BIOLOGY OF THE NITROGEN CYCLE: To order this title, and for more information, click here Edited By Hermann Bothe , Botanical Institute, The University of Cologne, Koln, Germany Stuart Ferguson ,...>more
- Biomagnification: The term biomagnification refers to the progressive build up of persistent substances by successive trophic levels - meaning that it relates to the concentration ratio in a tissue of a predator...>more
- Biomass: Biomass is living or recently living plant or animal matter. It can also refer to any particular part of a plant or organism as well. >more
- Biomass: Biomass refers to living and recently dead biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly, biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as biofuel ,...>more
- Biomass Fuels: Biomass fuels are derived from living or recently living plant or animal matter. This fuel could be acquired in many ways; as simple as burning the biomass (such as wood) for heat, decomposition...>more
- Biome: A major portion of the living environment of a particular region (such as a coniferous forest or grassland), characterized by its distinctive vegetation and maintained by local climatic...>more
- BioMicroRobotics: Robots are currently exploring many environments that are difficult if not impossible for humans to reach, such as the edge of the solar system, the planet Mars, volcanoes on Earth, and the...>more
- Biomimetic: Mimicking natural biology.>more
- Biomolecule: A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules are...>more
- Biomonitor: A species that is sensitive to, and shows measurable responses to, changes in the environment, such as changes in pollution levels. Details... A biological monitor , or biomonitor , is...>more
- Bionica speed: One new theory proposed from a investigator of the MIT, university professor Sidney Yip, could carry to a new development of "muscles crafts them". Currently, the robotici muscles are 100 times...>more
- Bionics: Bionics Efficiency and flexibility of biological systems is still unreached in current robotic systems. Biological evolution formed highly specialized systems, perfectly...>more
- Biopharmaceutical: Recombinant protein drugs, recombinant vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (for therapeutic roles). Biopharmaceuticals are still only a small part of the pharmaceutical industry, but of increasing...>more
- Biopiracy: Bioprospecting regarded as the perpetuation of the colonial habit of plundering other countries' biological resources without fair and equitable compensation, resulting in environmental,...>more
- Bioprocess: Any process that uses complete living cells or their components (e.g. enzymes, chloroplasts) to effect desired physical or chemical changes. Another definition: A process in which living cells...>more
- Bioprospecting: Bioprospecting can mean different things to different people. A commonly used definition is: bioprospecting is the collection and examination of biological resources, such as plants and animals,...>more
- Bioreactor: A contained vessel or other structure in which chemical reactions are carried out (usually on an industrial scale), mediated by a biological system, enzymes or cells. A bioreactor can range in...>more
- Bioregion: A territory defined by a combination of biological, social, and geographic criteria, rather than geopolitical considerations; generally, a system of related, interconnected ecosystems. Another...>more
- Bioremedation: The use of biological agents to reclaim soils and waters polluted by substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment; it is an extension of biological treatment processes that have...>more
- Biosafety: Safety aspects related to the application of biotechnologies and to the release into the environment of transgenic plants and other organisms particularly microorganisms that could negatively...>more
- Biosafety level: Specific combinations of work practices, safety equipment, and facilities, which are designed to minimize the exposure of workers and the environment to infectious agents. Biosafety level 1...>more
- Biosphere: Also called Ecosphere. It is the entire planetary ecosystem, including all living organisms and the parts of the Earth in which they live or that support them. It includes the atmosphere, the...>more
- Biosphere reserve: Established under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, biosphere reserves are a series of protected areas linked through a global network, intended to demonstrate the relationship...>more
- Biosynthesis: Synthesis of chemical compounds by enzymatic processes in living organisms. Another definitions: The production of chemical compounds by living organisms. Describes a chemical compound produced...>more
- BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING: Editor-in-Chief: W. Day See editorial board for all editors information Official Journal of the Institution of Agricultural Engineers (IAgrE) Description Remit of...>more
- Biota: All of the organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms, found in a given area. Another definitions: The living things of a place. It may refer to all living things or to some...>more
- Biotechnology: Biotechnology is the application of biology and genetic engineering (manipulating genes to obtain certain favorable traits) to industrial, medical and agricultural problems. At one extreme,...>more
- Biotic: Pertaining to any aspect of life, especially to characteristics of entire populations or ecosystems. Another definition: Pertains to living organisms. >more
- Biotic resources: It includes genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with direct, indirect or potential use or value for humanity. Another...>more
- Biotope: A biotope is the special type of nature in which a plant or animal species lives and is dependent on. A biotope can be a highland deciduous forest, the edge of a ditch, forests near the mountains...>more
- Biotransformation: The process by which xenobiotics are chemically modified and converted to water-soluble metabolites that can be readily excreted. Biotransformation is often called metabolism, although the latter...>more
- Biotrophs: Biotrophs are Chemoheterotrophs (organic compound) that utilize living material. >more
- Biotype: Biological or biochemical type of an organism. Organisms of the same biotype will display identical biological or biochemical characteristics. Certain key markers are used to define and recognize...>more
- Birth Rates: Birth rate is a measure of births in a ratio between births and individuals in an area in a given time.>more
- bit: For binary digit . The smallest unit of binary information. A bit can have a value of 1 or 0. >more
- Bit: (binary digit) - In digital signals, a bit represents the smallest piece of information that can be transmitted and is represented by either a "1" or a "0". A string of eight bits is commonly...>more
- Bit: An abbreviation for binary digit. This is a single-digit binary value, consisting of the number 1 or 0. Each tiny pit on the surface of an optical disc holds one bit of information. Details......>more
- bit rate: See baud . >more
- Bit Rate: The amount of information that can be transmitted per second. It is expressed in bits per second (bps). Generally speaking, a high bit rate means better quality and larger files. The higher the...>more
- Bit Stream: A sequence of binary digits representing digital data. This also refers to sequential data transmission or the sequential data itself when converting data such as text or graphic data into digital...>more
- bit-wide bus network: An I/O bus network that interfaces with discrete devices that transmit less than 8 bits of data at a time. >more
- Bits per Second: (bps or b/s) - A measure of how many digital bits ("1" or "0") that may be sent in the space of one second. These will be seen most commonly in measurements Kbps (kilobits, or thousands of bits,...>more
- Black Death: The Black Death was an epidemic outbreak of the plague that began in the Gobi Desert in the 1320s. During just 2 years in the 1300s, over 20 million deaths occurred. The epidemic spread quickly...>more
- Black fly: Problem with horses. Thought to spread vesticular stomatitis.>more
- Black hole: A black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing can escape after having fallen past the event horizon . The name comes from the fact that even...>more
- blackboard architecture: The distribution of knowledge inferencing, as well as global and knowledge databases, in a control system through the use of several containing local, global, and knowledge databases that work...>more
- Blackfoot disease: Blackfoot disease (BFD) is a severe form of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), in which the blood vessels in the lower limbs are severely damaged, resulting eventually in progressive gangrene. It...>more
- Bladder cancer: Bladder cancer refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder . It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder. The bladder is a...>more
- Bladder exstrophy: Bladder exstrophy , more properly, the exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare congenital anomality occurring once every 40,000-50,000 live births with a 2:1 male:female ratio. The diagnosis...>more
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