 An aircraft (An aircraft is a device capable of evolving in the Earth's atmosphere. ) takeoff and landing (in the etymological sense, the term means the landing to reach the mainland.) vertical (whose acronym is Adavance) is a fixed-wing aircraft designed to overcome the tracks that are reasonably necessary for takeoff and landing. This type of plane (A plane, according to the official definition of the Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), ) is sometimes called hybrid or convertible, especially in the case of aircraft engines tilt-type tiltrotor aircraft. This category does not balloons and airships or helicopters. The corresponding English name is VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Landing aircraft).
Introduction
The Adavance were originally developed by the military, who feared that their planes are nailed to the ground after a bombing of the runway. This type of aircraft can be used with a reduced ground infrastructure, like a helicopter . In the naval context, it is possible to build ships to carry that will not need (The needs are at the level of interaction between the individual and the environment. ) a track as long as landing on an aircraft carrier classic (case of aircraft carriers) . In the civilian sector, the interest is primarily to combine the advantages of a helicopter to an airplane, thus allowing off from a small platform and hover with a speed (the speed is a physical quantity which to assess the evolution of a quantity as a function of time.) cruise and a payload higher. A major flaw of Adavance is to have a consumption of fuel (a fuel is a fuel that powers a heat engine.) very high in the phases of takeoff and landing , where autonomy and limited payload, which makes them non viable as civilian aircraft and limits their value as military aircraft. These shortcomings have been partially solved with the concept of STOVL (Short Take Off Vertical Landing), where vertical take-off is replaced by a short take-off. If Adavance were very fashionable in the 1960s with many projects under study, only two have resulted in the twentieth century, an effective service:
aircraft attack Anglo American Hawker Siddeley Harrier (with its derivatives Sea Harrier and AV - 8B Harrier II)
the hunter board Soviet Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger .
More recently has appeared:
the military transport plane Boeing (Boeing (official name in English The Boeing Company) is one of the largest aerospace and ...) V-22 Osprey (Boeing / Bell V-22 Osprey (put into service in 2005)
And two projects should lead to the horizon (Conceptually, the horizon is the limit of what can be observed, due to its own position or ...) 2010:
the American fighter Lockheed F-35B
the civil transport aircraft Bell / Agusta BA609, which made its first flight presentation to the public at the Salon du Bourget 2007.
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